Hiroshige II

Utagawa Hiroshige II (1826-1869)

Hiroshige II (1826-1869, 二代 広重, although he wrote it with the characters 廣重), also known as Shigenobu (重宣) and Risshō (立祥), was a Japanese woodblock print (ukiyo-e) artist. He was the chief student of the second great master of the Japanese landscape woodblock print, Hiroshige. He took over his master's go 'Hiroshige' on the latter's death, and is now principally known by it, being more usually referred to as 'Hiroshige II'.

The general view on him now is that was a relatively minor artist who was unable to generate a distinct style of his own, but nonetheless occasionally designed some very fine prints, and produced a considerable body of acceptable work. Many critics feel that the quality of his later works feel off significantly towards the end of his life, especially during the last half-decade.

He was born into a family of fire-watchmen, like his master Hiroshige I. He was originally named Suzuki Chimpei, and as his artistic career began, he was given the name Shigenobu (重宣) by his master Hiroshige I. He was made part of his master's household, and married Hiroshige I's daughter Tatsu.

During the period 1849-1858, he produced his earliest works, very much in the style of Hiroshige I. His work was principally nature prints, although he also produced figure prints, and prints of samurai or historical subjects. He also began signing with 'Ichiyūsai' (一幽斎, a former go of Hiroshige I) during this period.

He is thought to have assisted Hiroshige I with a number of his later series, including '36 Views of Fuji' and the 'Upright Tokaido'. He is known to have contributed at least three prints in 10/1858 to Hiroshige I's last great series of landscape prints, the Hundred Views of Edo, using the signature 'Hiroshige' (during Hiroshige I's lifetime).

After Hiroshige's death in 1858, in the first month of the following year he formally adopted his master's go of Ichiryūsai (一立斎) and Hiroshige (広重, although they wrote it with the characters 廣重). During this period his work continued to strongly resemble that of Hiroshige I, both in style and subject matter.

In 1865, he divorced his wife, moved to Yokohama, remarried, and adopted the names Ryūsho and Risshō (立祥). Although his prints were shown at the Paris Exhibition in 1867, it brought him little success in Japan, and he was forced to make a living painting tea-sets and lanterns for export. He died in Yokohama, in great poverty, in 1869.

Works

He produced a number of series of prints, many of them views of Edo, including:

• One Hundred Views of Famous Places in the Provinces (1859-1864)

• Forty-Eight Views of Famous Places in Edo (1860 - 1861)

• Thirty-Six Views of the Eastern Capital (1861 - 1862)

• Views of Famous Places in Edo (1861 - 1863)

• Sixty-eight Views of the Various Provinces (1862)

• 'Processional' Tōkaidō (collaboration with other artists) (1863)

• Thirty-Six Flowers (1866)

Some are of some merit: the 'Thirty-Six Flowers', all shown at famous places in Tōkyō (as it was by then called) in particular is a good flower series, and 'One Hundred Views of Famous Places in Various Provinces' contains a number of first-rate images.

*****

Sixty-eight Views of the Various Provinces

Shokoku rokujū-hakkei ​諸国 六十八 景

(1862)

vertical chūban

#14  ​伊豆 伊呂尾 崎 ​Izu Irō-zaki ​Cape Irō, Izu Province 

There is now a famous lighthouse on this cape.There are instances of this print in mostly blue hues, fitting for the night scene portrayed here; a small image of one may be seen here.The name of this location is now usually written with the characters 石廊 埼.

#37 ​丹後 天はし立 ​Tango Ama-no-Hashidate​Ama-no-Hashidate, Tango Province 

The Ama-no-Hashidate Peninsula is one of the most famous natural features in Japan; its name can be translated as 'Passage to Heaven' or 'Bridge to Heaven'.Its name is usually written with the characters 天橋立.

#42​石見 高津 山 ​Iwami Takatsu-yama​Mount Takatsu, Iwami Province

The name is sometimes given as Mount Takazuno

#49 ​安芸 音戸 ​Aki Ondo ​Ondo, Aki Province ​

Ondo is located on Kurahashi Island (Kurahashi-jima, 倉橋島), with the Ondo no Seto strait (音戸 の 瀬戸), which links Kure Bay and the open sea, between it and the city of Kure on the mainland. Natural tidal currents flow through the strait quite fast, at speeds of up to five knots. The small memorial seen on the small island is probably the Kiyomori memorial (Kiyomori-zuka, 清盛塚), built in the Muromachi Period to commemorate Taira no Kiyomori (平 の 清盛), an important Japanese historical figure who worked to deepen the Ondo no Seto channel; it is still there today.

#54  ​阿波 北泊 小 鳴戸 ​Awa Kitadomari koNaruto ​Kitadomari Inlet at Naruto, Awa Province

The whirlpool at Naruto (Naruto no uzushio, 鳴門 の 渦潮) is still a popular scenic attraction.

The caption seems to contain a common Japanese homonym character play - the character used for 'ko' is not the normal one for 'inlet', but a different one (meaning 'small').

#58 ​筑前 筥崎 ​Chikuzen Hakozaki​Hakozaki, Chikuzen Province

Hakozaki is now a suburb on the east side of Fukuoka, in Higashi ward.